Seroprevalencia de equinococosis hidatídica y factores de riesgo en adultos que asisten al Centro de Salud Puyusca–Ayacucho, 2024

Abstract

La equinococosis hidatídica es una enfermedad parasitaria de importancia pública cuya seroprevalencia en adultos puede depender de factores demográficos, ambientales y socioeconómicos. El objetivo fue determinar la seroprevalencia de equinococosis hidatídica y su asociación con los factores de riesgo en adultos. El estudio tuvo un diseño observacional, cuantitativo, corte transversal y alcance descriptivo-correlacional; la muestra se constituyó por 145 pacientes con sospecha de equinococosis hidatídica. La investigación halló una seroprevalencia de equinococosis hidatídica en adultos del 11%, observando mayor seroprevalencia en varones (11.1%), agricultores (27.3%), adultos con gatos (15.4%); asimismo, en participantes que no desparasitaron a sus mascotas (14.7%), que reportaron perros callejeros (11.7%), que no lavan sus alimentos (30%), tienen nivel primario (30.8%), no poseen acceso a servicios de salud (66.7%) y agua potable (13.5%). De esta manera, se evidenció que la desparasitación de animales domésticos (p=0.030), lavado de los alimentos (p=0.047) y el acceso a servicio de salud (p=0.002) se asociaron con la equinococosis hidatídica en adultos; además, con la equinococosis hidatídica en adultos. Se pudo concluir que la equinococosis se asocia con factores algunos ambientales y socioeconómicos (p˂0.05); sin embargo, no se encontró asociación con factores demográficos (p˃0.05).

Hydatid echinococcosis is a parasitic disease of public health importance, whose seroprevalence in adults may depend on demographic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. The objective was to determine the seroprevalence of hydatid echinococcosis and its association with risk factors in adults. The study had an observational, quantitative, cross-sectional design with a descriptive correlational scope; the sample consisted of 145 patients suspected of having hydatid echinococcosis. The research found a seroprevalence of hydatid echinococcosis in adults of 11%, with a higher prevalence observed in males (11.1%), farmers (27.3%), and adults with cats (15.4%). Likewise, a higher seroprevalence was observed in participants who did not deworm their pets (14.7%), reported the presence of stray dogs (11.7%), did not wash their food (30%), had only primary education (30.8%), lacked access to healthcare services (66.7%), and lacked access to potable water (13.5%). Thus, it was evidenced that deworming domestic animals (p=0.030), washing food (p=0.047), and access to healthcare services (p=0.002) were associated with hydatid echinococcosis in adults. It was concluded that hydatid echinococcosis is associated with certain environmental and socioeconomic factors (p˂0.05); however, no association was found with demographic factors (p˃0.05).